Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (also called computer intelligence, or AI) is a term used in the fields of cybernetics, computer science, and related disciplines to describe computer hardware and software sophisticated enough to reason independently, form new conclusions, and alter its own responses.
The field was founded on the claim that a central property of human beings, intelligence—the sapience of homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and limits of scientific hubris, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.
The question of whether machines can achieve the capacity for self-awareness or emotional feeling (sentience) remains controversial.
The android Data, built in the early 24th century, may be an example of a true artificial intelligence according to this definition. Data was equipped by his creator, Noonien Soong, with a positronic brain based on an advanced neural-net design. He was eventually deemed an independent lifeform, with the rights and responsibilities of other life, lending weight to the notion that he qualifies as an artificial intelligence.
Most of the computer systems in use by the Federation and similar powers would probably not qualify: they are very powerful, but nevertheless remain essentially data storage, retrieval, and coordination devices.
