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{{Update An '''officer''' is a member of a group typically in the areas of the [[military]], police, or some other form of authority. In a military service, an officer's typical role is to command and direct, maintain discipline and make plans and provisions for operation. Certain organizations have special criteria in order to achieve the status of officer.  == Star Fleet ==In the [[Federation]] [[Star Fleet]], an officer or '''commissioned officer''' is an individual who has attended, and graduated from the four-year [[cadet]] program of [[Star Fleet Academy}}]]. Upon graduation from the Academy, the cadet is granted a '''commission''' appointing him or her to Star Fleet's most junior officer's rank: that of [[Ensign]]. Graduating from Star Fleet Academy also gives the '''Officer''' a degree in his or her major field of academic study, be it the Pure Sciences, Medicine, Military Science, etc.  Commissioned officers are distinguished from '''non-commissioned officers''' and other crewmembers through the use of a [[rank]] structure. 

In a military service, a '''commission''' is an order from the service's supreme authority, such as its [[commander-Commander in-chiefChief]], authorizing an individual to legally hold a military rank, with all the privileges and responsibilities of said rank. A commission usually appoints an individual to hold an [[officer]]'s rank.

When an officer is promotedIn times of conflict, the commission he/she has for his or her current rank is revoked, and replaced with a temporary commission authorizing him/her for his/her new, higher rank. The same principle applies in a demotion, except that the new commission authorizes the could appoint an officer for the lower to command rank he/she is being reduced toreplace an incapacitated or killed [[commanding officer]]. <br>

In situations where contact with Star Fleet is not possible for very extended periods, a commanding officer has the authority to grant commissions to officers under his or her command, or revoke their existing commissions.<br>In order words, i.e. she/he/she has the authority promote or demote his/her officers. Good examples of this are when Captain [[Kathryn Janeway]], commanding officer of the {{USS|Voyager}}, promoted her [[Chief Tactical Officer]] and [[Security Chief]], [[Lieutenant]] [[Tuvok]], to the higher rank of [[Lieutenant Commander]], or when she demoted her Flight Controller, [[Lieutenant Junior Grade]] [[Tom Paris|Thomas E. Paris]], to [[Ensign]]. After a year of exemplary service, she re-promoted him to his former rank.  

#[[Commodore]] (aka [[rear admiralRear Admiral]], lower half)#[[Rear admiralAdmiral]] (upper half)#[[Vice admiralAdmiral]]

#[[Fleet admiral]] == Other officer terms ==:''Certain officer positions can be filled by non-commissioned officers and civilians if the need arises.'' === By rank ===*[[Field officer]]*[[Flag officer]]*Line officer*[[Ranking officer]]*Commissioned officer*[[Provisional officer]]*[[Non-commissioned officerAdmiral]]

=== By function ===*[[Bridge officer]]*[[Records officer]]*[[Morale officer]]*[[Liaison officer]]**[[Convoy liaison officer]]**[[Fleet liaison officer]] *[[Strategic operations officer]]*[[Archaeology and anthropology officer]]*[[Personnel officercategory: personnel]]