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==G==
added numerous terms
==A==
* '''Adrenal Gland''' - In [[Human]]s, they are small, triangular-shaped glands that are located on top of both kidneys. They produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions.
* '''Amputation''' - The removal by surgery of a limb or other body part because of injury or disease. When done properly, it is the removal of part or all of a body part that is enclosed by skin. <br>Amputation can also occur at an accident site, the scene of an attack, or on a battlefield. When performing an amputation, surgeons generally cut above the diseased or injured area, so that a portion of healthy tissue remains to cushion bone. <br>Sometimes the location of a surgical cut may depend in part on its suitability to be fitted with an artificial limb, or prosthesis.
* '''Anticoagulant''' - any chemical substance that prevents or reduces coagulation of blood, therefore prolonging the clotting time.
* '''Antigen''' - a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially for production of antibodies.
* '''Aphasia''' - the inability to comprehend or formulate language, due to damage to specific [[brain]] regions. The major causes of this condition are stroke and head trauma. It can also result from a brain tumors, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases.
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==B==
* '''Brainstem''' - stalk-like part of the [[brain]] that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. In the [[Human]] [[brain]], the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.
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==C==
* '''Capillary''' - smallest blood vessels in the [[Human]] body; they move the blood between the arterioles and venules.
* '''Cell''' - the basic structural and functional unit of life. Every cell consists of a cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. <br>There are two types of cells: eukaryotic, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus, but a nucleoid region is still present. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, while eukaryotes may be either single-celled or multicellular.
* '''Coagulant''' - Also known as clotting, this is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
* '''Communicable Disease''' - any disease that is spread from one person to another, through a variety of ways. This can include contact with blood, contact with bodily fluids (sexual), breathing in an airborne virus, or by being bitten by an insect.
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==D==
* '''Dopamine''' - commonly known as the "feel good" neurotransmitter, this complex chemical is strongly associated with the pleasure and reward centers of the [[brain]]. <br>Involved in neurological and physiological functions, it is a contributing factor in motor function, mood, and even our decision making, as well as some movement and psychiatric disorders.
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==E==
* '''Endorphin''' - Hormones that are secreted within the [[brain]] and nervous system, responsible for activating the body's opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect.<br> This means these hormones are the ones that inhibit the communication of pain signals, producing feelings of euphoria very similar to that produced by other opioids.
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==F==
* '''Fracture''' - any break in a bone.
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==G==
* '''Glucagon''' - In [[Human]]s, this is a peptide hormone that is produced by alpha cells of the [[Medical Glossary#P|pancreas]]. It raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body. It can also be used as a medication in order to treat a number of health conditions. Its effect is opposite to that of insulin, which lowers extracellular glucose.
* '''Glucose''' - Also commonly known as "blood sugar," this is the main sugar found in a [[Human]]'s blood. It is a [[Human]] body's main source of energy. In the blood stream, it is circulated to all of the body's cells in order to use for energy output.
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==H==
* '''Hemorrhage''' - When blood profusely erupts from the body, especially during surgery.
* '''Hermaphrodite''' - a person or animal that possesses both male and female sex organs or other sexual characteristics, either abnormally or (in the case of some organisms) as the natural condition.
* '''Hypoglycemia''' - Condition in which a person's blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal.
* '''Hypotension''' - Also known as low blood pressure, severe symptoms include dizziness and fainting.
* '''Hypothalamus''' - A portion of a [[Human]]'s [[brain]] that links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. (In humans, it is the size of an almond.) It is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, attachment behaviors, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian (sleep) rhythms.
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==I==
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==J==
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==K==
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==L==
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==M==
* '''Melanin''' - a dark brown to black pigment which occurs in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals. It is responsible for a person's natural shade of skin, as well as the tanning of skin when exposed to sunlight.
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==N==
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==O==
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==P==
* '''Pancreas''' - A [[Human]] organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting food into fuel for the body's cells. Has two main functions: aiding with digestion, and regulation of blood sugar.
* '''Pulmonary Vein''' - Veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the [[lung]]s to the [[heart]]. The largest pulmonary veins are the four main pulmonary veins, two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart.<br> The pulmonary veins play an essential role in respiration by receiving blood that has been oxygenated and returning it to the left atrium.
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==Q==
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==R==
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==S==
* '''Shock''' - A critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body. When a person is in shock, his or her organs aren't getting enough blood or oxygen.<br>May result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or a sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
* '''Synapse''' - Structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.
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==T==
* '''Triglobulin''' - a biogenic substance produced by the [[Axanar]] [[zymuth gland]], and released into the blood. It was used to produce medicines and vaccines, and was used by some species used as an aphrodisiac.
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==U==
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==V==
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==W==
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==X==
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==Y==
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==Z==
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